Optimized metabarcoding with Pacific Biosciences enables semi-quantitative analysis of fungal communities

Recent studies have questioned the use of high-throughput sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal ITS region for semi-quantitative representation Lower fungal community composition.

However, the comprehensive study to quantify bias occurred during PCR and sequencing of amplicons ITS is still lacking. We use artificial gathered a community of 10 ITS such as fragments of various lengths and GC contents of evaluating and quantifying bias during PCR and sequencing with Illumina MiSeq, PacBio RS II and my Sequel PacBio technology. fragment length variation is the main source of bias in community composition were observed relative to the template, the fragment again generally be underrepresented for all sequencing platforms.

This bias is three times higher for Illumina MiSeq than PacBio RS Sequel II and I. All of the ten fragments in artificial communities were found when sorted by PacBio technology, while three of the longest fragments (> 447 base) is lost when sorted by Illumina MiSeq. Bias fragment length increased linearly with increasing the number of PCR cycles but can be overcome with the optimization of PCR set-up. There is no significant bias associated with GC content observed. Despite the lower output sequencing, sequencing PacBio is better able to reflect the composition of the community of Illumina MiSeq sequencing template.


This brief review explores the increasing role that technology can play in the affordances 21C biochemistry and molecular biology curriculum. We consider the need to develop the digital and creative fluencies on our students and the importance of creativity and visualization in science learning. The potential of virtual reality (VR) platform for this purpose are discussed with a number of examples. Finally, we look to the future in which to see how the VR may enter into future curriculum.

Optimized metabarcoding with Pacific Biosciences enables semi-quantitative analysis of fungal communities
Optimized metabarcoding with Pacific Biosciences enables semi-quantitative analysis of fungal communities

Physiometrics in Salivary Bioscience.

the accurate estimation of the statistical model depends on the size of the sample but also, critically, the reliability measure. Physiometrics is the equivalent of psychometrics for measures such as the sex hormones, catabolic hormones, and products of the immune system.There several ways to measure physiometrics, from a simple correlation with the design of complex generalization theory.

Depending on the design, these estimates can provide information about equality (for example, the correlation between the two measurements taken near the time) or stability (eg, the correlation between the two measurements taken farther apart in time) .the physiometrics saliva acts including cortisol, α- amylase, testosterone, and cytokines range from very stable, requiring only a single sample, to very unstable, requiring multiple samples to achieve generalization for quite a long time.

However, generalizations are relative to the design of the study, and only a few design calls for a stable and generalized measures.Both dedicated study and reporting physiometric physiometrics in Psychoneuroendocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology will improve the quality of Salivary Bioscience research in future designs.

Immunoprecipitation IP Lysis Buffer

20831004-3 500 mL
EUR 90.69

Bovine Anti-Chicken IgY Beads for immuno-precipitation

XG-6134 1 mL
EUR 546.72
Description: The anti-IgY beads were made by cross-linking of bovine IgG anti-IgY antibodies to Protein A/G agarose beads. IgY is the original designation of chicken IgG like immunoglobulin.

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay Kit

TBS8050 25 tests
EUR 560

OKRA00051-1U - Immunoprecipitation Kit

OKRA00051-1U 1kit
EUR 790

EpiQuik Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Kit 

P-2002
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  • 96 Reactions
  • 24 Reactions
  • 48 Reactions
  • 96 Reactions

Topoisomerase II Immunoprecipitation Kit

TG1035 >50 analyses
EUR 657.6

OKRA00051-1KIT - Immunoprecipitation Kit

OKRA00051-1KIT 1Kit
EUR 719

Control for Immunoprecipitation IgG beads

CIG01-beads 10 assays
EUR 115.44

HiPer® Immunoprecipitation Teaching Kit

HTI016-5PR 1 unit
EUR 75.78
Description: HiPer® Immunoprecipitation Teaching Kit

Immunoprecipitation Kit: Protein A-Agarose

BS688 20Rxn, 20prep
EUR 242.7

Immunoprecipitation Kit: Protein A-Sepharose

BS690 20Rxn, 20prep
EUR 237.48

Immunoprecipitation Starter Pack 2 x 2mL - EACH

17600235 EACH
EUR 851.85

EpiQuik Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Kit 

P-2019
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  • 48 Reactions
  • 24 Reactions
  • 48 Reactions

HDAC1 Immunoprecipitation (IP) & Activity Assay Kit

K342-25 each
EUR 1038

HDAC3 Immunoprecipitation (IP) & Activity Assay Kit

K344-25 each
EUR 901.2

HDAC2 Immunoprecipitation (IP) & Activity Assay Kit

K341-25 each
EUR 1045.2

Control for SUM01 Immunoprecipitation IgG beads

CIG03-beads 10 assays
EUR 115.44

EpiQuik Tissue Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Kit 

P-2003
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  • 96 Reactions
  • 24 Reactions
  • 48 Reactions
  • 96 Reactions

Immunoprecipitation Kit: Protein A/G PLUS-Agarose

BS689 20Rxn, 20prep
EUR 237.48

EpiQuik Tissue Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Kit 

P-2020
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  • 48 Reactions
  • 24 Reactions
  • 48 Reactions

Control for Acetylation Immunoprecipitation IgG beads

CIG02-beads 10 assays
EUR 115.44

EpiQuik Hydroxymethylated DNA Immunoprecipitation (hMeDIP) Kit 

P-1038
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  • 96 Reactions
  • 24 Reactions
  • 48 Reactions
  • 96 Reactions

Monoclonal Anti-Rabbit IgG (Light-chain) IgG (adsorbed, for immunoprecipitation/WB)

20160-UL 0.5 ml
EUR 270

Monoclonal Anti-Rabbit IgG (Light-chain) IgG-HRP Conj (adsorbed, for immunoprecipitation/WB)

20160-HRP 0.5 ml
EUR 315.6

Monoclonal Anti-Rabbit IgG (Light-chain) IgG-Biotin Conj (adsorbed, for immunoprecipitation/WB)

20160-BT 0.5 ml
EUR 315.6

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) Antibody

45010-05011 150 ug
EUR 175

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) Antibody (Biotin Conjugate)

45010-05021 150 ug
EUR 229

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) Chicken

GWB-6132AE 50 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgY/ Immunoglobulin Y ELISA Kit

E0041Ch 1 Kit
EUR 630

Chicken IgY(Immunoglobulin Y) ELISA Kit

ELK8941-48T 48T Ask for price
Description: The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Chicken IgY. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Chicken IgY. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Chicken IgY, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Chicken IgY in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Chicken IgY(Immunoglobulin Y) ELISA Kit

ELK8941-96T 96T Ask for price
Description: The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Chicken IgY. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Chicken IgY. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Chicken IgY, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Chicken IgY in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Chicken IgY(Immunoglobulin Y) ELISA Kit

EKF60698-48T 48T
EUR 396.9

Chicken IgY(Immunoglobulin Y) ELISA Kit

EKF60698-5x96T 5x96T
EUR 2693.25

Chicken IgY(Immunoglobulin Y) ELISA Kit

EKF60698-96T 96T
EUR 567

Chicken IgY / Immunoglobulin Y ELISA Kit

E0544c 96T
EUR 900

Chicken IgY(Immunoglobulin of Yolk) ELISA Kit

ELK9182-48T 48T Ask for price
Description: This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Chicken IgY protein. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Chicken IgY. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Chicken IgY in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Chicken IgY(Immunoglobulin of Yolk) ELISA Kit

ELK9182-96T 96T Ask for price
Description: This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Chicken IgY protein. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Chicken IgY. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Chicken IgY in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Chicken IgY (Non Immune)

31R-1052 1 ml
EUR 160
Description: Purified Chicken non immune IgY

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) Protein

abx168579-1ml 1 ml
EUR 850

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) Protein

abx670112-100g 100 µg
EUR 737.5

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY), Chicken -ALK PHOS

GWB-134E7E 0.5 ml Ask for price

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) ELISA Kit

DLR-IgY-Ch-48T 48T
EUR 399.6
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) ELISA Kit

DLR-IgY-Ch-96T 96T
EUR 504
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) ELISA Kit

EK14720 96Т
EUR 768

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) ELISA Kit

abx576705-96tests 96 tests
EUR 1093.2

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) ELISA Kit

abx250054-96tests 96 tests
EUR 943.2

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY), Chicken -18nm GOLD

GWB-79C638 0.3 ml Ask for price

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) ELISA Kit

RDR-IgY-Ch-48Tests 48 Tests
EUR 391.2

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) ELISA Kit

RDR-IgY-Ch-96Tests 96 Tests
EUR 534

Chicken Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) ELISA Kit

RK06960 96T
EUR 280

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) (H&L), Chicken -HRP

GWB-59DD7C 0.5 ml Ask for price

Chicken IgY Antibody

GWB-Q00127 0.25 mg Ask for price

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) (H&L), Chicken -BIOTIN

GWB-3DBE24 0.5 ml Ask for price

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk,IgY ELISA Kit

EKC31941-48T 48T
EUR 647.15

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk,IgY ELISA Kit

EKC31941-5x96T 5x96T
EUR 4391.38

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk,IgY ELISA Kit

EKC31941-96T 96T
EUR 924.5

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk(IgY) Elisa Kit

EK780100 96 Wells
EUR 0.99

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk, IgY ELISA Kit

CSB-E11635Ch-24T 1 plate of 24 wells
EUR 198
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk, IgY in samples from serum, plasma, eggyolk. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk, IgY ELISA Kit

1-CSB-E11635Ch
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  • 1 plate of 96 wells
  • 10 plates of 96 wells each
  • 5 plates of 96 wells each
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk, IgY in samples from serum, plasma, eggyolk. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk,IgY ELISA Kit

QY-E80026 96T
EUR 511.2

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk,IgY ELISA Kit

QY-E80104 96T
EUR 511.2

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk, IgY ELISA Kit

SL0085Ch -
EUR 528

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk,IgY ELISA Kit

YLA0034CH-48T 48T Ask for price

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk,IgY ELISA Kit

YLA0034CH-96T 96T Ask for price

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) (IgG) (H+L), Chicken -HRP

GWB-8B76BA 1.5 ml Ask for price

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) (H&L), Chicken -RHODAMINE

GWB-2F9E26 0.5 mg Ask for price

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) (H&L), Chicken -RHODAMINE

GWB-A70B64 0.5 mg Ask for price

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) (IgG) (H+L), Chicken -FITC

GWB-F61C74 0.5 ml Ask for price

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) (IgG) (H+L), Chicken -FITC

GWB-CB18D1 1.5 mg Ask for price

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) (H&L), Chicken -TEXAS RED

GWB-54417A 0.5 ml Ask for price

Chicken Immunoglobulin of Yolk, IgY GENLISA ELISA

KLC0087 1 x 96 wells
EUR 341

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) (H&L), Chicken-TEXAS RED

GWB-81C60F 1.5 ml Ask for price

Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) (IgG) (H+L), Chicken -ALK PHOS

GWB-707C21 1 ml Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY goat polyclonal antibody

CH23104 400 µg Ask for price

OASB01438-5MG - Chicken IgY Antibody

OASB01438-5MG 5.0mg
EUR 179

OASB01438-10MG - Chicken IgY Antibody

OASB01438-10MG 5.0mg
EUR 160

OASB02437-500UG - Chicken IgY Antibody

OASB02437-500UG 0.5mg
EUR 339

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO CHICKEN IgY, Antibody

GWB-2A7E1A 0.1 mg Ask for price

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO CHICKEN IgY, Antibody

GWB-A7C066 0.05 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgY

31C-CH0301 10 mg Ask for price
Description: Purified Chicken IgY (also known as Chicken IgG)

Chicken IgY

31-AC25 50 mg
EUR 222
Description: Purified Chicken IgY

Chicken IgY

E61I020 100ug
EUR 225

Chicken IgY

IHR-8161-10 10 mg
EUR 47.75

Chicken IgY

IHR-8161-100 100 mg
EUR 88.2

chicken IgY

E4A10A41 50ug
EUR 275
Description: Biotin-Conjugated, FITC-Conjugated , AF350 Conjugated , AF405M-Conjugated ,AF488-Conjugated, AF514-Conjugated ,AF532-Conjugated, AF555-Conjugated ,AF568-Conjugated , HRP-Conjugated, AF405S-Conjugated, AF405L-Conjugated , AF546-Conjugated, AF594-Conjugated , AF610-Conjugated, AF635-Conjugated , AF647-Conjugated , AF680-Conjugated , AF700-Conjugated , AF750-Conjugated , AF790-Conjugated , APC-Conjugated , PE-Conjugated , Cy3-Conjugated , Cy5-Conjugated , Cy5.5-Conjugated , Cy7-Conjugated Antibody

OASB01439-1ML - Chicken IgY Antibody : HRP

OASB01439-1ML 1.0mL
EUR 129

OASB02440-100UG - Chicken IgY Antibody : PE

OASB02440-100UG 0.1mg
EUR 309

Mouse Anti Chicken Igy Monoclonal Antibody

DMABT-51960MC 0.25 mg
EUR 889.2

IgY Antibody (Rabbit anti Chicken) (Fc)

GWB-EAD14F 2 mg Ask for price

IgY, Chicken

GWB-T00743 50mg Ask for price

OASB02438-500UG - Chicken IgY Antibody : FITC

OASB02438-500UG 0.5mg
EUR 479

Chicken Immunoglobulin A antibody

E01A92673 96T
EUR 700
Description: ELISA

OASB02439-500UG - Chicken IgY Antibody : Biotin

OASB02439-500UG 0.5mg
EUR 429

OAIA00437-1MG - Chicken IgY (H+L) Antibody

OAIA00437-1MG 1.0mg
EUR 89

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (Fc specific) goat polyclonal antibody, HRP

SP2021HRP 1 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (Fc specific) goat polyclonal antibody, FITC

SP2021F 1 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (Fc specific) rabbit polyclonal antibody, AP

R1301AP 1 mg Ask for price

Goat Anti Chicken IgY Fc Polyclonal Antibody

DMAB8564 1 mg
EUR 567
Description: Goat

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO CHICKEN IgY. PEROXIDASE, Antibody

GWB-EF2DEC 0.05 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY mouse monoclonal antibody, clone 7C2, Biotin

AM26353BT-N 50 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY mouse monoclonal antibody, clone 7C2, Biotin

AM32197BT-N 50 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (Fc specific) goat polyclonal antibody, Serum

SP2021 1 ml Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (Fc specific) rabbit polyclonal antibody, HRP

R1301HRP 1.5 mg Ask for price

Goat Anti Chicken IgY (H&L) [HRP] Antibody

GWB-8A4C61 1 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (Fc specific) rabbit polyclonal antibody, FITC

R1301F 1.5 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) goat polyclonal antibody, AP

AP31795AP-N 1 ml Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) goat polyclonal antibody, AP

R1617AP 1 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY mouse monoclonal antibody, clone 7C2, Purified

AM26353PU-N 100 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY mouse monoclonal antibody, clone MF4, Purified

AM31997PU-N 100 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY mouse monoclonal antibody, clone 08C, Purified

AM31998PU-N 100 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY mouse monoclonal antibody, clone 9A6, Purified

AM32000PU-N 100 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY mouse monoclonal antibody, clone 7C2, Purified

AM32197PU-N 100 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY mouse monoclonal antibody, clone 9B4, Purified

AM00074PU-N 100 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (Fc specific) rabbit polyclonal antibody, TRITC

R1301T 1.5 mg Ask for price

Donkey Anti Chicken IgY Fc Polyclonal Antibody

DMAB8558 0.5 mg
EUR 509.25
Description: Donkey

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) goat polyclonal antibody, HRP

AP31795HR-N 400 µl Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) goat polyclonal antibody, HRP

R1617HRP 2 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY mouse monoclonal antibody, clone 14B11, Purified

AM31999PU-N 100 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY mouse monoclonal antibody, clone 4G12, Purified

AM00073PU-N 100 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (Fc specific) goat polyclonal antibody, Purified

SP2021P 1 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (Fc specific) rabbit polyclonal antibody, Biotin

R1301B 1.5 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) goat polyclonal antibody, FITC

AP31795FC-N 500 µl Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) goat polyclonal antibody, FITC

R1617F 2 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) rabbit polyclonal antibody, AP

R1300AP 1 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) goat polyclonal antibody, TRITC

R1617T 2 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) rabbit polyclonal antibody, HRP

R1300HRP 1.5 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgY ELISA

GWB-374Z14 96 well Ask for price

Chicken IgY ELISA

KT-456 96 tests
EUR 467

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) goat polyclonal antibody, Biotin

AP31795BT-N 500 µl Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) goat polyclonal antibody, Biotin

R1617B 2 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) rabbit polyclonal antibody, FITC

R1300F 1.5 mg Ask for price

Chicken IgG / Chicken IgY (H+L chain) rabbit polyclonal antibody, TRITC

R1300T 1.5 mg Ask for price

Rabbit anti Chicken IgY

20-B9093R000-R0 5 ml
EUR 100
Description: Rabbit anti Chicken IgY antibody

Rabbit anti Chicken IgY

E61I0201 100ug
EUR 225

Chicken IgY Protein

abx060688-50mg 50 mg
EUR 661.2

Chicken IgY Protein

abx060689-10ml 10 ml
EUR 594

Chicken IgY Protein

abx061434-1g 1 g
EUR 811.2

Chicken IgY Protein

abx060689-100g 100 µg Ask for price

Chicken IgY Protein

abx060689-10g 10 µg
EUR 1150

Chicken IgY Protein

abx060689-50g 50 µg Ask for price


Behavioral medicine research from around the world have been catalyzed by an attempt to understand the interaction between psychological factors, social, and physiological underlying gaps in human health. A more comprehensive biopsychosocial model increasingly sophisticated integrate clinical and laboratory assessment of relevant environmental chemical, biological mediators of inflammation, cardiometabolic and endocrine markers, exposure to infectious diseases, and genetic polymorphisms determined from saliva specimens.